【英语点滴】为啥字全认识就是听不懂

英语中有一组神奇的动词,拼写极其简单,口语中大量使用,但课本基本不教,这种动词叫 Phrasal Verb。

这类动词其实是用几个非常常见的动词加介词(in, on, up, down,out, off,around)组成的,举几个例子:

  • Bring是不是课本都说是“带过来“的意思,但Bring Up是什么意思? 针对不同的语境,有三个意思
    • My grandparents bring me up after my parents died (我父母去世后,是我爷爷奶奶把我带大的), Bring Up是带大的意思。
    • My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports (我爸一谈起运动的话题,我妈就溜走了), Bring Up是谈及什么事情的意思。
    • He drank so much that he brought his dinner up in the toilet (他醉的太厉害了,把晚饭全吐厕所了),Bring Up是吐的意思,吐很常用的还有 Throw up。
  • Break在课本是“断”的意思,但
    • Break down有抛锚的意思:Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm. (我们的车在暴风雪中路边抛锚了)
    • Break down 还可能是崩溃的意思:The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died (那个妇女听到警察说她儿子已经不在人世后就崩溃了)
    • Break up 是分手的意思:My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America (我去美国之后就和男朋友分手了)
    • Break in 是闯入的意思:Somebody broke in last night and stole our stero (有人昨夜潜入偷走了我们的音响)
    • Break in 还可以是插播的意思:The TV station broke in to report the news of the president’s death (电视台突然插播总统挂了的消息)
    • Break out 可以是越狱的意思:The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren’t looking (囚犯趁卫兵疏忽越狱了)
    • Break out 也可以是爆发的意思:We got married a month before the war broke out. (我们结婚一个月后战争就爆发了)

所以很多朋友出国发现老外说的话用词很浅,但是就是听不懂。

同时,即使是在国外待了很长时间了的中国人,发现无论怎样似乎都没法把英语说的那么流畅,正是因为我们很少学这一类动词,下边说几种老外的表达方法:

  • 约女生出去吃饭: 比较笨拙的说法是:May I invite you for a dinner? 比较有味道的说法是: May I ask you out to dinner and a movie tonight?
  • “取消“ 如果总是用Cancel是不是太没有人情味了,用Call off: Jason called the wedding off because he wasn’t in love with his fiance.
  • “到处打听” 我们总会说 “ ask everywhere” 或者说“call everywhere”,用 “ask around” 或者“call around”就漂亮多了。 I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet. 或者 He called around but we weren’t able to find the car part we needed.
  • “灵光一现“怎么说? get an idea ? 知道中国人就会这么用。 用 “Come up”,came up with this idea for a TV show about a woman living with her best friend and daughter. I call it ‘Two and a Half Women.’”
  • “小心!”怎么说? Be Careful,这是我最常用的,好可笑,老外提醒孩子注意都是用 “Watch Out !”

最后说一点,Phrasal Verb很好用,但也很容易搞混了,一旦说错往往差了很远。记得刚来加拿大的时候,发扬了中国人的传统美德-谦虚,当老外问起来:What did you do over the weekend? (周末干啥了?)的时候我想说:I just hung around with my friends(没啥特殊的,只是和朋友一起混混日子 ),结果我很认真的说: I just fooled around with my friends (我仅仅是在朋友之间乱搞了一下男女关系)。注意“Fool around”是有混日子的意思,但不能 “with somebody”!“with somebody”就比较严重。

我这么说你肯定觉得这东西哪里学得完?完全是老外自己的家乡话的意思,其实也没那么难,我总结了一下,基本动词就这么40个左右:

  • Add, Ask, Blow, Bring, Break, Call, Cheer, Check, Catch, Clean, Come, Cut, Do, Drop, Fall, Fill, Get, Give, Go, Grow, Hang, Hold, Keep, Let, Log, Look, Make, Pay,Pass, Put, Run, Send, Set, Show, Take, Try, Turn ,Warm, Wear, Work

而对应的介词就16个左右

  • in, into, on, off, up, down, out, back, apart, away, over, around, together, forward, after,to

别忘了,这些词会让你的口语增色不少!

最后推荐几个资源: